![]() The definitive study of English rhymes remains the work of Iona and Peter Opie. The early years of the twentieth century are notable for the addition of sophisticated illustrations to books of children's songs, including Caldecott's Hey Diddle Diddle Picture Book (1909) and Arthur Rackham's Mother Goose (1913). By the time of Sabine Baring-Gould's A Book of Nursery Songs (1895), child folklore had become an academic study, full of comments and footnotes. The first, and possibly the most important, academic collections to focus in this area were James Orchard Halliwell's The Nursery Rhymes of England (1842) and Popular Rhymes and Tales (1849). Nursery rhymes were also often collected by early folk-song collectors, including, in Scotland, Sir Walter Scott and, in Germany, Clemens Brentano and Achim von Arnim in Des Knaben Wunderhorn (1806–08). We sometimes know the origins and authors of rhymes from this period, such as " Twinkle Twinkle Little Star", which combined an eighteenth-century French tune with a poem by the English writer Jane Taylor, and " Mary Had a Little Lamb", written by Sarah Josepha Hale of Boston in 1830. In the early nineteenth century, printed collections of rhymes began to spread to other countries, including Robert Chambers's Popular Rhymes of Scotland (1826) and, in the United States, Mother Goose's Melodies (1833). Roughly half of the current body of recognised "traditional" English rhymes were known by the mid-eighteenth century. These rhymes seem to have come from a variety of sources, including traditional riddles, proverbs, ballads, lines of mummers' plays, drinking songs, historical events, and, it has been suggested, ancient pagan rituals. 1785) is the first record we have of many classic rhymes still in use today. The publication of John Newbery's Mother Goose's Melody or, Sonnets for the Cradle ( c. The first English collections were Tommy Thumb's Song Book and a sequel, Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, both thought to have been published before 1744, and at this point such songs were known as "Tommy Thumb's songs". Some rhymes are medieval or sixteenth-century in origin, including " To market, to market" and " Cock a doodle doo", but most were not written down until the eighteenth century, when the publishing of children's books began to move towards entertainment. However, most of those used today date from the seventeenth century onwards. Many medieval English verses associated with the birth of Jesus (including " Lullay, my liking, my dere son, my sweting") take the form of a lullabies and may be adaptations of contemporary lullabies. The Roman nurses' lullaby, "Lalla, Lalla, Lalla, aut dormi, aut lacte", may be the oldest to survive. The oldest children's songs of which we have records are lullabies, which can be found in every human culture. The term nursery rhyme is used for "traditional" songs for young children in Britain and many English speaking countries but this usage dates only from the nineteenth century, and in North America the older Mother Goose rhyme is still often used. They can be seen to have arisen from a number of sources, including: Many of these imitate the form of nursery rhymes, and a number have come to be accepted as such. In addition, since the advent of popular music publication in the nineteenth century, a large number of songs have been produced for and often adopted by children. Playground or children's street rhymes they sub-divided into two major groups: those associated with games and those that were entertainments, with the second category including The Opies further divided nursery rhymes into a number of groups, including In practice none of these categories is entirely discrete, since, for example, children often reuse and adapt nursery rhymes, and many songs now considered as traditional were deliberately written by adults for commercial ends. ![]() A further use of the term children's song is for songs written for the entertainment or education of children, usually in the modern era. Iona and Peter Opie, pioneers of the academic study of children's culture, divided children's songs into two classes: those taught to children by adults, which when part of a traditional culture they saw as nursery rhymes, and those that children taught to each other, which formed part of the independent culture of childhood. Although children's songs have been recorded and studied in some cultures more than others, they appear to be universal in human society. ( March 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī children's song may be a nursery rhyme set to music, a song that children invent and share among themselves or a modern creation intended for entertainment, use in the home or education. ![]() You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject.
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